PMAY G and its impact on the rural habitat, quality of life and local perception, apart from a recent survey by the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy 4 that echoes many challenges noted under IAY. Even so, the understanding is incomplete in terms of the extent of housing localisation, its integration with settlement planning, other State housing schemes and its appropriateness and acceptance by people. The idea is to provide feedback to the system and in the process, develop much needed insight into what a housing program for the rural areas should look like. PMAY-G is moving fast and monitoring/learning requires getting in the field at the earliest possible.

Objectives:

• To understand the value addition (adequacy, satisfaction levels and perception) of PMAY-G, State and Self-initiated housing in terms of unit, process, delivery system, social aspects for people.

• To examine the systemic reasons that make a rural housing program better or worse – (socio-economic impacts due to delivery, governance, design of a program).

Methodology:

The pilot, with limited coverage will help streamline the activity, test field studytools, methodologies and determine realistic costs of scaling up; (b) the second, is a more ambitious,wider agenda and will need to be externally funded.

Interventions conducted by Mashal

Interviews with Gram Panchayats functionaries and representatives to Palakhi route

▪ Interviews with housing eco-system stakeholders: ChoteThekedar and Masons, Traininginstitutions and leading NGOs, Material suppliers, Lending institutions

▪ Focus Group Discussions with households at village level who have:

• received funds under PMAY-G

• received funds under other State housing schemes

• built independently

▪ Documentation of houses and settlement:

• Settlement plan (houses, amenities, other built structures, topography, etc)

• Drawings of houses (size, design, materials, techniques)

• Photographs (settlement level and individual houses)

Arvi is located at a distance of 57 kms from wardha district. Arvi is an important centre for the cotton and soybean trade. The closest airport from Arvi is Nagpur Airport situated at 100 kilometres and the closest Railway Station From Arvi is Pulgoan Junction situated at 35 kilometres.The location of Arvi is on RavandevGarmasur Plateau, which is also a reason for the growth of long thread bearing cotton. Wardha river and Bakli river flowing alongside the borders of Arvi taluka are the main source of water for the villages.Arvi is also called the City of Saints. Saint Maybai, Saint Pandurang Maharaj, Saint LahanujiMaharaj(Takarkheda) are the prominent ones having their own followers spread across the Vidarbha region.

As of 2011 India census, Arvi had a population of 42,822: 21,956 males (51%) and 20,864 females (49%). There are 5,836 members of Scheduled Castes and 2,123 of Scheduled Tribes. Arvi has a literacy rate of 90.6%, higher than the national average. Many educationists has contributed to this literacy rate and Arvi follows the progressive thinking for which Maharashtra is known for in India.

In the principal object of planning is to provide the sociao economic facilities and zoning for the existing and anticipated population of the town. In the development plan the sociao economic facilities are provide for the projected population by the year 2025and the areas of the zoning are provided for the projected population by the year 2025. However it is noted that no land is provided in the development plan for affordable housing. Mashal has prepared DPR for Arvi Municipal council.

MASHAL conducted a survey in Arnala village, Maharashtra, using socio-economic and environmental data to understand the impacts of climate change and coastal risks on the lives and livelihoods of people living there, the impact of urbanization on various aspects of the village, as well asto identify potential future threats due to climate change and develop strategies to adapt to changing conditions. The survey was contracted by World Resource Institute (WRI).

The survey documented the information of various components such as socio-economic status, livelihood characteristics, climatic change impacts, availability of public and social infrastructure etc. The survey was conducted for a total 350 households in the fishing and agriculture (150 each) communities in Arnala.

Along with the survey, five Focus Group Discussions were conducted with the two communities. The FGDs were conducted with the fishermen and women from fishing communities, and farmers, women, and youth from agricultural communities. The information collected through the survey was interpreted on the Geographic Information System based maps.

Study of Socio-Economic Outcomes due to Land Reclamation in Development Projects implemented during 1970 – 2011 in Mumbai.

MASHAL conducted an assessment and impact study of the three fishing communities in Mumbai: Juhu Koliwada, Cuffe Parade Koliwada, and Mahim Koliwada.

A comparative analysis of data pertaining to these three Koliwadas was undertaken in order to understand the impact of land reclamationin terms of specific social, cultural and economic aspects of their lives. The study systematically analysed social, economic, environmental, and physical and governance factors and issues related to urban development and reclamation:

• Physical – location, reclamation, development.

• Social – housing, amenities, market.

• Environmental – water contamination levels, mangrove area, flood points, water current change.

• Economic – income level change, fish economy, supply chain.

• Governance – existing policies and emerging considerations.

The prime concerns that arose were those of land ownership, safeguarding of land, and self-development of the colonies with sufficient housing, amenities, infrastructure and facilities. The study recommended policy and planning level considerations for development for all koliwadas.

MASHAL assessed demand and supply side housing requirements for the city of Pune as inputs in the preparation of Development Plan for the city of Pune. The Following aspects were included:

1. Study of various Housing Systems and subsystems in Pune city.

2. Study of the Central and State Housing Policies.

3. Study of the housing pattern (as per age of houses, construction material, FSI, density, rental housing, carpet area, etc.) in all type of housing in the city.

4. Study of the existing housing options in Pune city under the formal and informal sectors including public and private housing (condition in slums, Wadas, etc.

5. Comparing and analyzing different housing options in city.

6. Study of real estate scenarios and urban land markets in the city.

7. Study of the impact of new housing development in and around the city on the existing housing systems.

8. Study of the role of MHADA, SRA schemes, housing under JNNURM, etc. on housing delivery.

9. Calculating the existing housing need, stock and shortages in the city.

10. Scenario generation for housing satisfaction (do nothing scenario and consideration of Metro and BRT proposals.

MASHAL participated in preparing a city development plan for Pune and PCMC for getting JN-NURM funds. MASHAL prepared detailed slum mapping for Pune, Pimpri-Chinchwad and Nasik, which has become the basis for preparing a detailed project report to get JN-NURM funds for slum housing development. MASHAL also prepared three preliminary DPRs for RAY PMC.

With the expertise in various fields mentioned earlier, MASHAL has accomplished the task of preparing reports on the environment of different cities in Maharashtra as asked by their governing bodies. This report documents the existing situation of the city in terms of its demography, infrastructure, environment and related issues. Beginning with the preparation of first of its kind for Pune Municipal Corporation in 1995-1996, it has successfully prepared the Environmental Status Report for the Corporation of Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad for 1996-1997 and is in process of preparing it for Nanded, Aurangabad, Jalgaon, Bhusaval , Navi Mumbai,Bhivandi , Sangali Miraj ,Kupvardand others.